Automation can be implemented with out any challenges by implementing framework. Different kinds of frameworks are available for doing automation and we can implement relevant framework as per our requirements. Following are some of the frameworks can be implemented in automation
- Page Object Model (POM)
- Data-Driven Framework
- Keyword driven Framework
- Behavior Driven Development (BDD) Framework
- Hybrid Framework
Page Object Model (POM)
In the Page Object Model (POM), the pages of an application are divided into separate classes for implementation. Each class represents a specific page and contains the locators and methods related to that page. These page classes are then called from the test classes to perform actions.
Since the pages are organized into separate classes, it becomes easier to maintain and update the framework when there are changes in the application.
Selenium Page Factory can be used to manage and initialize the web element locators in the page classes, which helps improve code readability and maintainability.
Data-Driven Framework
In a Data-Driven Framework, the test data is stored in a separate repository such as Excel files, CSV files, databases, or external data sources. The test scripts read the data from these sources and execute the same test with multiple sets of data.
This framework is especially useful when there is a large amount of test data that needs to be managed and maintained efficiently. By separating the test data from the test logic, it improves reusability, scalability, and maintainability of the automation framework.
Keyword driven Framework
A Keyword-Driven Framework is based on predefined keywords that represent specific actions in the application. These keywords are maintained in a repository and are used to execute test steps during automation.
Each keyword function represents an operation such as click, enter text, validate, or navigate. The framework can include options like “Yes” or “No” to determine whether a particular keyword or function should be executed as part of the test flow.
This approach separates the test logic from the implementation, making it easier to maintain, reuse, and manage test cases within the framework.
Behavior Driven Development (BDD) Framework
BDD framework is based on Features, Step Definitions, and Model (or Page/Object classes).
- Feature files are written using Gherkin language, which makes the scenarios easy to read and understand for customers and non-technical stakeholders. They describe the automation flow using steps like Given, When, Then, And.
- Step Definitions contain the implementation of the steps written in the feature files. They connect the Gherkin steps to the actual automation code.
- The Model (or Page/Object classes) contains the methods and elements required to perform actions on the application. These methods are called from the Step Definitions.
This structure helps separate business-readable scenarios from the technical implementation, making the framework easier to maintain and understand.
Hybrid Framework:
A Hybrid Framework is a combination of multiple automation frameworks such as Page Object Model (POM), Data-Driven Framework, Keyword-Driven Framework, and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD). It integrates the strengths of these frameworks to create a more flexible and scalable test automation structure. Additional frameworks can also be combined based on project requirements, which is why it is called a Hybrid Framework.